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This bypass can cause a deficiency.Ī 2019 review suggests that pregnant people deficient in vitamin D may have a greater risk of developing preeclampsia and giving birth preterm. People following a gastric bypass: This surgery bypasses a part of the upper intestine that absorbs large amounts of vitamin D.People with obesity: High levels of body fat can limit the body’s ability to absorb vitamin D from the skin.Conditions that limit fat absorption can decrease vitamin D intake from the diet. Those with conditions that limit fat absorption: Vitamin D is fat-soluble, meaning intake is dependent on the gut absorbing dietary fats.Older adults may also spend more time indoors. Older adults: The skin’s ability to synthesize vitamin D decreases with age.

Breastfeeding: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants receive 400 international units (IU) per day of oral vitamin D.

Lack of sun exposure: People who live in northern latitudes or areas of high pollution, work night shifts, or are homebound should aim to consume vitamin D from food sources whenever possible.

Absorbing sunlight is essential for the skin to produce vitamin D.

Skin color: Pigmentation in the skin reduces the body’s ability to absorb ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from the sun.

While test-tube studies have shown vitamin D to have a positive effect on the immune response of human cells, researchers are yet to replicate these findings in controlled human trials.Īlthough the body can create vitamin D, some people are more likely to be at risk of a deficiency than others.

They believe there may be a link between long-term vitamin D deficiency and the development of autoimmune conditions, such as diabetes, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, but more research is necessary to confirm the link.

Researchers suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in immune function. Immune functionĪn adequate intake of vitamin D may support good immune function and reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases. Long-term vitamin D deficiency can also present as osteoporosis. Osteomalacia results in poor bone density and muscular weakness. Similarly, in adults, vitamin D deficiency manifests as osteomalacia or a softening of the bones. Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause rickets, leading to a bowlegged appearance due to the softening of the bones. Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and helps maintain adequate blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, which is necessary for healthy bone mineralization. Vitamin D plays a critical role in many bodily functions. Share on Pinterest Mateo Arias/EyeEm/Getty Images